Carolyn Geis

Carolyn Geis, MD, FAAPMR

Clinical Associate Professor

Department: MD-BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY

About Carolyn Geis

My name is Carolyn Geis, MD, and I am a clinical associate professor at the University of Florida Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation with a joint appointment in neurology. I also serve as the vice chair of clinical integration and operations, co-director of faculty development and mentorship, and the service chief of stroke and brain injury rehabilitation. I earned my medical degree from the University of Texas and completed my residency training in physical medicine and rehabilitation at Loyola University Chicago, where I served as chief resident. Prior to joining UF Health, I served as the medical director and service line chief for Halifax Health Brooks Rehabilitation. I am board certified in physical medicine and rehabilitation with subspecialty board certification in brain injury medicine by the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

My current research projects focus on post-stroke and brain injury spasticity management, gait mechanics and fall prevention. As a physician, my goal is to provide excellent patient care in a kind and compassionate manner, help train the next generation of physicians and contribute to the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation with evidence-based research.

In my free time, I enjoy spending time with my friends and family, trying new restaurants and cuisines. I also enjoy nature walking, hiking and picnicking.

Additional Positions:
Vice Chair, Clinical Operations
2022 – Current · UF
Co-Director Faculty Development and Mentorship
2022 – Current · UF
Service Chief Stroke and Brain Injury Medicine
2019 – · UF

Board Certifications

  • Brain Injury Medicine
    American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
  • Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
    American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Clinical Profile

Subspecialties
  • Brain Injury Medicine
Areas of Interest
  • Recovering after stroke
  • Spasticity
  • Stroke
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Walking abnormalities

Research Profile

Esquenazi A, Wein TH, Ward AB, Geis C, et al. Optimal Muscle Selection for OnabotulniumtoxinA Injections in Poststroke Lower Limb Spasticity. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 98: 360-369

Driscoll SW, Geis CC, Raddatz MM, Kinney CL, Robinson LR. Predictors of Performance on the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Maintenance of Certification Examination. PM R. 2018 Jun 30 Epub 2018 June 30

Safety and efficacy of high-dose on a botulinum toxin a for post stroke upper limb spasticity: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Patel AT, Geis C, Alter K, Pan G, Thrope A, James L, Dimitrova R. Stroke. 2017; 48:ATMP42

Wein T, Esquenazi A, Ward A, Geis C, Liu C, Dimitrova R. Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients With Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial. American Academy of Neurology 2016 – 68th Annual Meeting. 2016.

Wein T, Esquenazi A, Ward A, Geis C, Liu C, Dimitrova R. Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients With Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial. World Federation for NeuroRehabilitation – 9th World Congress for NeuroRehabilitation. 2016

Wein T, Esquenazi A, Ward A, Geis C, Liu C, Dimitrova R. Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients With Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial. Movement Disorder Society – 20th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorder. 2016.

Wein T, Esquenazi A, Ward A, Geis C, Liu C, Dimitrova R. Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients With Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial. American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2016.

Muscles Selection Patterns for Injection of Onabotulinum Toxin a in Adults with Poststroke Lower Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results from a Double-Blind, Placebo–Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial Alberto Esquenazi, MD, Carolyn Geis, MD, Theodore H. Wein, MD, FRCPC, Anthony B. Ward, MD, FRCP, Chengcheng Liu, PHD, and Rozalina Dimitrova, MD, MPH AJPMR. 2017 Mar;96 (3) Suppl: a128

Poster 361 Impact of Early Intervention with OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment in Adult Patients with Post-Stroke Lower Limb Spasticity. Patel AT, Ward AB, Geis C, Liu C, Jost WH, Dimitrova R. PM R. 2016 Sep;8(9S):S279. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.07.289. Epub 2016 Sep 24

Poster 312 Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients with Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results from a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial. Esquenazi A, Geis C, Wein T, Ward AB, Liu C, Dimitrova R. PM R. 2016 Sep;8(9S):S262. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.07.482. Epub 2016 Sep 24.

Impact of Early Intervention with OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment in Adult Patients with Post-Stroke Lower Limb Spasticity. Patel AT, Ward AB, Geis C, Liu C, Jost WH, Dimitrova R. Toxicon. 2016; 123 (52):590

Long-Term Follow-up to a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Peroneal Nerve Functional Electrical Stimulation to an Ankle Foot Orthosis for Patients With Chronic Stroke. Bethoux F, Rogers HL, Nolan KJ, Abrams GM, Annaswamy T, Brandstater M, Browne B, Burnfield JM, Feng W, Freed MJ, Geis C, Greenberg J, Gudesblatt M, Ikramuddin F, Jayaraman A, Kautz SA, Lutsep HL, Madhavan S, Meilahn J, Pease WS, Rao N, Seetharama S, Sethi P, Turk MA, Wallis RA, Kufta C. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015 Nov-Dec;29(10):911-22. doi: 10.1177/1545968315570325. Epub 2015 Feb 4

The effects of peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation versus ankle-foot orthosis in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Bethoux F, Rogers HL, Nolan KJ, Abrams GM, Annaswamy TM, Brandstater M, Browne B, Burnfield JM, Feng W, Freed MJ, Geis C, Greenberg J, Gudesblatt M, Ikramuddin F, Jayaraman A, Kautz SA, Lutsep HL, Madhavan S, Meilahn J, Pease WS, Rao N, Seetharama S, Sethi P, Turk MA, Wallis RA, Kufta C. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014 Sep;28(7):688-97. doi: 10.1177/1545968314521007. Epub 2014 Feb 13.

Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID)

0000-0003-3883-8354

Areas of Interest
  • Stroke recovery
  • traumatic brain injury

Publications

2023
Current status and trends in subspecialty certification in physical medicine and rehabilitation.
PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation. 15(2):212-221 [DOI] 10.1002/pmrj.12763. [PMID] 35038251.
2023
Telerehabilitation service impact on physical function and adherence compared to face-to-face rehabilitation in patients with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation. 15(12):1654-1672 [DOI] 10.1002/pmrj.12988. [PMID] 37139741.
2022
Benefits of an interdisciplinary stroke clinic: addressing a gap in physical therapy at post-stroke neurology follow-up.
Disability and rehabilitation. 44(26):8509-8514 [DOI] 10.1080/09638288.2021.2008527. [PMID] 34871115.
2022
Trends in outpatient rehabilitation use for stroke survivors.
Journal of the neurological sciences. 442 [DOI] 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120383. [PMID] 36041328.
2021
Social Determinants of Health in Physiatry: Challenges and Opportunities for Clinical Decision Making and Improving Treatment Precision.
Frontiers in public health. 9 [DOI] 10.3389/fpubh.2021.738253. [PMID] 34858922.
2020
Impact of early intervention with onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in adult patients with post-stroke lower limb spasticity: results from the double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 REFLEX study.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 127(12):1619-1629 [DOI] 10.1007/s00702-020-02251-6. [PMID] 33106968.
2019
Optimal Muscle Selection for OnabotulinumtoxinA Injections in Poststroke Lower-Limb Spasticity: A Randomized Trial.
American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 98(5):360-368 [DOI] 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001101. [PMID] 31003229.
2018
Predictors of Performance on the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Maintenance of Certification Examination.
PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation. 10(12):1361-1365 [DOI] 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.06.009. [PMID] 29964209.
2017
Muscles Selection Patterns for Injection of Onabotulinum Toxin a in Adults with Poststroke Lower Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results from a Double-Blind, Placebo–Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 96(3)
2017
Safety and efficacy of high-dose on a botulinum toxin a for post stroke upper limb spasticity: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
. 48
2016
Impact of Early Intervention with OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment in Adult Patients with Post-Stroke Lower Limb Spasticity
Toxicon. 123(52)
2016
Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients With Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Movement Disorders.
2016
Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients With Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial
.
2016
Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients With Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial
.
2016
Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients With Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial
.
2016
Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients With Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results From a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Movement Disorders.
2016
Poster 312 Muscle Selection Patterns for Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Adult Patients with Post-Stroke Lower-Limb Spasticity Influence Outcome: Results from a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial.
PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation. 8(9S) [DOI] 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.07.482. [PMID] 27673066.
2016
Poster 361 Impact of Early Intervention with OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment in Adult Patients with Post-Stroke Lower Limb Spasticity.
PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation. 8(9S) [DOI] 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.07.289. [PMID] 27673114.
2015
Long-Term Follow-up to a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Peroneal Nerve Functional Electrical Stimulation to an Ankle Foot Orthosis for Patients With Chronic Stroke.
Neurorehabilitation and neural repair. 29(10):911-22 [DOI] 10.1177/1545968315570325. [PMID] 25653225.
2014
The effects of peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation versus ankle-foot orthosis in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.
Neurorehabilitation and neural repair. 28(7):688-97 [DOI] 10.1177/1545968314521007. [PMID] 24526708.
2004
Rehabilitation of movement disorders.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 85(3 Suppl 1):S41-5 [PMID] 15034854.
2004
Stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. 1. Acute stroke evaluation, management, risks, prevention, and prognosis.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 85(3 Suppl 1):S3-10 [PMID] 15034850.
2004
Stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. 2. Stroke: comorbidities and complications.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 85(3 Suppl 1):S11-4 [PMID] 15034851.
2004
Stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. 3. Stroke: rehabilitation management.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 85(3 Suppl 1):S15-20 [PMID] 15034852.
2004
Stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Neurodegenerative disorders.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 85(3 Suppl 1):S21-33 [PMID] 15034853.

Education

Residency/Chief Resident Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
1991-1994 · Loyola University
Doctorate in Medicine
1986-1990 · University of Texas
Bachelor of Science – Biology
1982-1986 · Baylor University

Contact Details

Administrative Specialist II:
Alyson Willingham
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